Want to learn the way to pronounce the Arabic terms in this article, and much more? This online video on our instagram can help. ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????????. ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? "????? ?????" ????? ???????. within the mid-twentieth century, the af